Which statement best describes retinopathy of prematurity?

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a condition primarily affecting premature infants due to abnormal growth of blood vessels in the retina. The correct statement indicates that ROP results in scar tissue on the retina, which occurs as a consequence of fluctuating oxygen levels during and after birth. Premature infants often have immature retinal blood vessels that can be disrupted by high levels of oxygen, leading to abnormal vessel growth and, ultimately, scarring as the retina tries to repair itself. This scarring can lead to various visual impairments and even blindness if not managed appropriately.

The other statements describe conditions that are not directly associated with ROP. Double vision is not a typical presentation in this scenario; misalignment of the eyes relates to strabismus, and the presence of small eyes does not specifically indicate ROP but may be associated with other congenital conditions. Thus, the chosen statement accurately captures the critical aspect of how ROP develops and its potential consequences on the retina.