Which condition can lead to both structural and functional visual impairments?

Shaken Baby Syndrome can lead to both structural and functional visual impairments due to the severe impact it has on the brain and its surrounding structures. This syndrome results from violent shaking, which can cause traumatic brain injury. The resultant damage can affect various parts of the brain, including those responsible for processing visual information.

In cases of Shaken Baby Syndrome, structural changes may include damage to the optic nerve or retinal hemorrhages, which can physically alter the eye's structure and its connections to the brain. Additionally, functional impairments are common, such as difficulties with visual perception, tracking, and processing visual stimuli, directly impacting the affected individual's ability to see and understand what they are looking at.

The other conditions listed may have some association with visual impairments, but they do not universally cause both structural and functional issues in the same way. For example, Cerebral Palsy can result in visual problems primarily due to motor control issues, while Down Syndrome is associated with certain ocular features but can vary widely in vision impact. Marfan Syndrome primarily affects connective tissue and may lead to lens dislocation or retinal detachment, impacting vision but not usually resulting in broader systematic impairments affecting both structure and function as seen in Shaken Baby Syndrome.