What vision issue is associated with aging, resulting in impaired vision?

Macular degeneration is a progressive eye condition primarily associated with aging that leads to the deterioration of the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, straight-ahead vision. As individuals age, the risk of developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD) increases, which can result in significant visual impairment. This condition affects the ability to see fine details, recognize faces, and read, profoundly impacting daily activities and quality of life.

The other conditions listed are not primarily age-related or do not lead to impaired vision in the same manner. Stargardt's disease is a genetic condition that typically manifests in younger individuals, leading to vision loss but is not specifically tied to aging. Hyperphoria and esotropia are both forms of strabismus, which involve misalignment of the eyes and are not directly associated with age-related vision deterioration. Therefore, macular degeneration is the primary concern related to aging and impaired vision.