What is the primary risk factor for developing diabetic retinopathy?

The primary risk factor for developing diabetic retinopathy is poorly managed diabetes. This is because diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that affects the eyes, specifically the retina, and is closely linked to the duration and control of blood sugar levels in individuals with diabetes. When blood sugar levels are consistently high, it can lead to damage in the blood vessels of the retina, causing them to leak fluid or bleed, which can ultimately lead to vision loss if left untreated. Good glucose control is crucial in preventing or delaying the onset of this condition.

While high blood pressure, exposure to sunlight, and smoking may contribute to the severity of diabetic retinopathy or affect overall eye health, the most significant factor remains the management of diabetes itself. Maintaining stable blood sugar levels through proper diet, exercise, medication, and regular monitoring is essential in reducing the risk of developing diabetic retinopathy.