What is the main cause of glaucoma?

The main cause of glaucoma is increased intraocular pressure. This condition arises when there is an imbalance between the production and drainage of aqueous humor, the fluid within the eye. Elevated pressure can damage the optic nerve, leading to vision loss. Glaucoma is often called the "silent thief of sight" because it can progress without noticeable symptoms until significant damage has occurred. Effective management and treatment typically aim to lower the intraocular pressure to prevent further damage to the optic nerve and preserve visual function.

While other options relate to eye health, they do not directly contribute to the development of glaucoma in the same fundamental way that increased intraocular pressure does. Excessive tear production, light sensitivity, and corneal irregularities do not lead to the same pathological changes associated with glaucoma. Understanding this core aspect of glaucoma's pathophysiology is critical for recognizing its risk factors and the importance of regular eye examinations for early detection and treatment.