What does astigmatism refer to?

Astigmatism refers to an irregular curvature of the eye's surface, specifically the cornea or lens. In a normal eye, the cornea and lens are curved uniformly, allowing light to focus evenly on the retina. However, in individuals with astigmatism, the curvature is uneven, leading to blurred or distorted vision at all distances. This condition can occur when the front surface of the eye, the cornea, is shaped more like a football than a basketball, which can prevent light from focusing properly. Addressing astigmatism often involves corrective lenses or refractive surgeries, highlighting the importance of understanding its nature for effective vision correction and treatment.