What defines Albinism?

Albinism is defined as a congenital hereditary condition characterized by a total or partial lack of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes due to the absence or malfunction of the enzyme responsible for melanin production. This condition affects the appearance of an individual and significantly impacts their vision due to the lack of pigment in the ocular structures, which can lead to various visual impairments. Individuals with albinism often exhibit visual issues such as strabismus, nystagmus, and photophobia, all linked to the lack of pigment that plays a crucial role in eye health and function.

The other options describe conditions that do not align with the definition of albinism. A progressive neurological disorder affecting vision is unrelated to the hereditary and pigment-related nature of albinism. A rare syndrome affecting only hearing capabilities does not pertain to albinism, which involves the skin and eyes. Lastly, a common condition without a genetic basis contradicts the fundamental understanding of albinism, which is inherently a genetic disorder passed through generations.